负责:如何诊断乳腺癌?
如果你发现乳房有肿块, 注意乳房皮肤的变化, 在腋窝发现一个肿大的淋巴结, 乳头溢液, 或者你的十大赌博平台排行榜在乳房x光检查中发现了异常, you will need to have tests to find out if you have breast cancer.
- Diagnostic 乳房x光检查. 诊断性乳房x光检查聚焦于乳房的特定区域. A number of different views may be taken, including some that magnify the abnormality.
- Breast ultrasound. Ultrasound, also called sonography, uses high-frequency sound waves to outline a part of the body. 这个过程不涉及辐射. Ultrasound is most often used to distinguish a solid mass from a cyst. 它也可用于指导乳腺活检.
- Ductogram. This X-ray 检查有助于找到乳头溢液的原因. A fine plastic tube is placed into the opening of the duct at the nipple. 注入少量对比染料, which outlines the shape of the duct when an X-ray image is taken.
- 磁共振成像(MRI). Doctors are just starting to learn about how this imaging tool can be used to evaluate breast cancer. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会建议你做乳房核磁共振, 通常作为研究的一部分, 添加到其他测试提供的信息中.
- 乳头溢液检查. Some of the fluid may be collected and examined under a microscope to see if cancer cells are present. A red or red-brown discharge suggesting blood may be due to cancer. 透明或乳白色的分泌物不太可能是癌症.
- Biopsy. A biopsy, 提取组织样本的一种方法, 必须进行检查以确定你是否患有癌症. The diagnosis will be made by looking at the biopsy specimen under a microscope. 活体组织检查有几种方法, depending on where the suspicious area is located and whether it can be felt or seen with mammograms or ultrasound.
- 细针穿刺活检(FNA). 在这个过程中, a thin needle is guided into the abnormal area of the breast and a small amount of fluid or tissue is drawn out. To guide the needle, the physician will either palpate (feel) the lump, or use ultrasound.
- 芯针活检. 这种类型的活检使用比FNA更大的针. It removes a small cylinder of tissue from the breast abnormality. If the lump can be felt, it is performed with local anesthesia in the doctor's office. 针被引导到与FNA相同的位置.
如果感觉不到异常,a 立体定向核活检 是通过计算机乳房x光检查完成的吗. - 手术活检. Surgery may be needed to remove all or part of a lump for examination. An excisional biopsy removes all of the lesion, and a surrounding margin of normal-appearing tissue. This is usually performed in a hospital outpatient department with local anesthesia and a sedative.
Sometimes the surgeon will have the radiologist mark the area right before surgery with a wire for localization. The area is numbed with local anesthetic and a thin hollow needle is placed with X-ray guidance in the suspicious area. Then a thin wire is inserted through the needle, with a small hook on the end to keep it in place. The needle is then removed and the wire is used to guide the surgeon to the area that must be removed.
征求第二意见
It is recommended that you seek another doctor's opinion of your diagnosis and treatment choices. Getting a second opinion from a different breast cancer specialist can help you confirm your diagnosis and feel more confident in your treatment plan. Please check with your insurance company before seeking a second opinion to see if there are coverage limits.
确保你理解了这些信息
如果你被告知得了乳腺癌, you will feel overwhelmed with emotion and technical information. It is important and medically safe for you to take some time to make an informed choice about your treatment. Discuss with your doctor how soon you need to make your decision.
Bring someone along when you meet with your doctor to talk about your diagnosis and treatment. When you are emotionally upset, it can be hard to understand even simple information. 乳腺癌的治疗并不是一个简单的课题.
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- 负责的下一部分: 乳腺癌如何治疗?
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加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.